School of Engineering and Technologyhttp://ir.jooust.ac.ke/handle/123456789/312024-03-28T00:57:01Z2024-03-28T00:57:01ZCities Coping with COVID-19:Simon, DavidArano, AngelesCammisa, MarianaPerry, BethPettersson, SaraValencia, SandraOloko, MichaelSharma, TarunVora, YutikaSmit, WarrenRiise, Janhttp://ir.jooust.ac.ke/handle/123456789/105812022-03-12T09:36:05Z2021-03-29T00:00:00ZCities Coping with COVID-19:
Simon, David; Arano, Angeles; Cammisa, Mariana; Perry, Beth; Pettersson, Sara; Valencia, Sandra; Oloko, Michael; Sharma, Tarun; Vora, Yutika; Smit, Warren; Riise, Jan
This Symposium represents an experimental format within CITY, as the latest part of the relaunched journal’s efforts to diversify its contents and attract new readers, especially among communities of practice engaged in urban governance, policy and practice. As such, it provides rapid publication of insights intended to inform ongoing debate and crisis responses as cities everywhere grapple with the profound consequences of the pandemic and its implications for so many facets of urban ‘business as usual’.For the final four years of its existence, Mistra Urban Futures, the leading international research centre on urban sustainability, based in Gothenburg, Sweden, pioneered the extension of its renowned transdisciplinary co-creation/co-production methods to cross-city comparative research embracing up to seven diverse cities in different world regions (Simon, Palmer, and Riise 2020). These cities are Gothenburg and Malmö in Sweden, Sheffield and Greater Manchester in the UK, Cape Town in South Africa, Kisumu in Kenya, Buenos Aires in Argentina and Shimla in northern India. Although the experimental research projects formally ended in December 2019, 2020 was a consolidation year with continuation funding from the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida) to maximise outputs and other added value through dissemination and engagement with global agendas.The largest experimental project utilised transdisciplinary co-production methods to examine how seven diverse cities on four continents responded to and engaged with the 2015–16 global sustainable development agenda, comprising especially Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 11 and the New Urban Agenda (NUA). These comprise the specifically urban components of the global agenda, providing aspirational commitments, goals, targets and indicators to promote urban sustainability with equity – expressed as ‘leaving no-one behind’. Responses from the cities were diverse, ranging from low engagement because of a lack of guidance from national government and because existing local indicators were deemed adequate (Sheffield) to enthusiasm to enhance engagement with national government and in order to align activities and reporting to global indicators (Cape Town) and a valuable opportunity to update, rethink and systematise service delivery and public investment priorities (Kisumu) (Simon et al. 2016; Valencia et al. 2019, 2020). The 17 SDGs (Figure 1) have a 15-year lifespan (2016-2030) and were designed as more comprehensive and integrated successors to the eight Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), which ran from 2001-2015. Each Goal comprises a set of targets, which in turn have one or more indicators against which progress is to be measured annually or some other interval. In contrast to the rapid, top-down way in which the MDGs had been conceived and imposed on low- and middle-income countries, the SDGs were designed through a broad, global and remarkably inclusive process of consultation and negotiation over three years and apply to all countries. The UN statistical unit in the Division of Economic and Social Affairs (UN-DESA) has ultimate responsibility and undertakes ongoing monitoring and revisions in the light of feedback received, including from the Mistra Urban Futures projects. The NUA underwent a similar formative process, and is a broad, visioning and aspirational document, in part because the originally intended direct link to the SDGs as its monitoring and evaluation framework was not politically acceptable to many national governments. Naturally, the framing of both Agenda 2030 and the NUA, and the choices of SDG targets and indicators, were contested and ultimately represent trade-offs between optimality, practicability within constraints of widespread data availability (so that most cities and countries can report on them) and the resource implications of implementation, and political acceptability to UN member states. These issues are explored in a growing critical literature that evaluates various aspects of the 2030 agenda and of individual goals, targets and indicators, including practicability, cost effectiveness, risks of selective cherry picking to use the progress reviews instrumentally for political expediency rather than as a mechanism to drive substantive progressive change, and hence the likely effectiveness of the SDGs overall as a means to drive substantive change (e.g. Arfvidsson et al. 2017; Barnett and Parnell 2016; Garschagen et al. 2018; Hansson, Simon, and Arfvidsson 2019; Klopp and Petretta 2017; McGranahan, Schensul, and Singh 2016; Parnell 2016; Patel et al. 2017; Rudd et al. 2018; Sánchez Gassen, Penje, and Slätmo 2018; Simon et al. 2016; Sustainable Development Solutions Network 2020; Valencia et al. 2019, 2020).
2021-03-29T00:00:00ZDevelopment of decision support system for sustainable participatory sub-catchment water resources management in the face of deteriorating climatic conditionsOloko, MichaelOmamo, AmosOkotto, Lorna G.Angawa, FrancisWere, PamelaNyunja, ReginaOsika, Oscarhttp://ir.jooust.ac.ke/handle/123456789/1582016-09-22T13:47:44Z2015-06-24T00:00:00ZDevelopment of decision support system for sustainable participatory sub-catchment water resources management in the face of deteriorating climatic conditions
Oloko, Michael; Omamo, Amos; Okotto, Lorna G.; Angawa, Francis; Were, Pamela; Nyunja, Regina; Osika, Oscar
Kenya has put in a lot of effort to enhance water resources management for the last 20years. This is evident in the review of the National Policies on Water Resources Management to focus on separation of functions, decentralization of services, commercialization of services, and community and private sector participation. Water Act 2002 outlined the water sector reforms and provided the legal framework for the implementation of the new water policies including establishment of new institutional structures. At the bottom end and at sub catchment level, Water Resources Users Associations (WRUAs) are established all over Kenya to conserve, protect and manage the water resources. The water sector reforms and the emerging policies place a lot of responsibilities on the WRUAs raising their expectations beyond their ability. This paper seeks to respond to the increasing concern with the ‘knowing-doing’ gap that exists between water reforms and policy goals and how they are achieved in practice. It narrows the gap that exists between the responsibilities given to the WRUAs and their capacity by developing a decision support tool for sustainable participatory sub-catchment water resources planning and management. It involves training WRUA members to configure their respective sub catchment water resources characteristics within Water Evaluation Model Framework to assess impacts of various management options to facilitate decision making. The study involved review of tools available to the WRUAs, field visits, workshops and interviews to collect information for sub catchment modelling. Awach Tende and Nyangores WRUAs from Lake Victoria South Catchment Area were used for the pilot study.
The 1st JOOUST International Scientific Conference
2015-06-24T00:00:00ZBest practices to solid waste management within informal settlement - the case of KisumuOloko, Michael O.Campos, María José ZapataOdhiambo, NicholasAgong', Stephen G.Kain, Jaan-HenrikZapata, PatrikNyakinda, Belindahttp://ir.jooust.ac.ke/handle/123456789/1442018-11-15T08:56:50Z2015-06-24T00:00:00ZBest practices to solid waste management within informal settlement - the case of Kisumu
Oloko, Michael O.; Campos, María José Zapata; Odhiambo, Nicholas; Agong', Stephen G.; Kain, Jaan-Henrik; Zapata, Patrik; Nyakinda, Belinda
Kisumu City generates about 437 tons of solid waste per day, 63% of which is organic in nature. With a collection efficiency of 20%, most of the solid waste remains uncollected especially within the informal settlements where 65% of the residents stay. The uncollected waste is left in the in open spaces, back streets and road sides, sometimes blocking local drainage channels and mixes with polluted waste from flooded latrines and flows in open areas, leading to appalling conditions especially in poor neighbourhoods. Solid waste management is a major concern in the city despite several initiatives that have been put in place to ensure an effective management system.This study seeks to identify best solid waste management (SWM) practices resulting from these initiatives, which are being implemented and have succeeded in some parts of the City, and transfers them to other areas. Field observations of waste management systems, administration of questionnaires to residents, In-depth interviews with waste collectors, Focus Group Discussions with key stakeholders, private waste collectors, scavengers, residents and document analysis have been used to collect data. In understanding the process of initiating these best practices, establishing them to grow, and be owned and supported by the residents, critical stages and requirements are noted for modifications to allow for transfer to other areas. The first stage identified is the realization of the need for waste collection services by the residents that creates an opportunity for any attempt for the service provision. An initiative that is likely to succeed must emerge through a local structure or institution to win confidence of the residents and be recognized by the city council. The neighborhood associations within the residential areas can provide this opportunity as a well known existing structure to act as a spring board for a private waste collection group. Support of the City council is necessary to provide recognition, any form of training and coordination to ensure cleanliness of the whole city environment. This study has used this approach to transfer best practices in solid waste management from the settlements of Manyatta and Migosi to Obunga which had no organized waste collection service. Currently, a private Waste collection group with a recognition letter from the City of Kisumu has been formed and is operational. It coordinates with the City Council Environment Department to evacuate waste from an identified temporary transfer point.
2015-06-24T00:00:00Z