School of Spatial Planning and Natural Resource Management
http://ir.jooust.ac.ke/handle/123456789/287
2024-03-29T05:49:49ZSocio-Spatial Factors Influencing the Location of Economic Enterprises in Obunga Informal Settlement, Kisumu City
http://ir.jooust.ac.ke/handle/123456789/11780
Socio-Spatial Factors Influencing the Location of Economic Enterprises in Obunga Informal Settlement, Kisumu City
Samburu, Peter Maluki
The location of economic enterprises forms an essential part of planning as they transform settlements into sustainable nodes of growth and development. However, lack of or inefficient enforcement of planning regulations and guidelines result into uncoordinated development of economic enterprises. As such, this study seeks to understand if informality and growth of economic enterprises obeys any spatial order. The purpose of this study was to investigate the socio-spatial factors influencing the location of economic enterprises in Obunga informal settlement, Kisumu city. The research was guided by the Space Syntax Theory, Systems Theory and Theories of Optimal Location such as the Bid Rent Theory and Gravity Model. It was further guided by cross-sectional survey research design, multi-stage, stratified and purposive sampling techniques. The target population comprised of 211 economic enterprise owners (operators) which included 106 operators ofretail shops, 39, M-pesas, 30 food kiosks and 36 barbershops and salons. The corresponding sample size included 176 economic enterprise operators which included 80 retail shops, 36 M-pesas, 28 food kiosks and 32 barbershops and salons. Qualitative and quantitative data was collected through questionnaires, geo-positioning and onscreen digitization, and literature reviews. The first objective examined the spatial pattern of economic enterprises. Data were analyzed through spatial analysis. Results showed that economic enterprises cluster majorly around street junctions and near other commercial activities. The second objective investigated the relationship between selected aspects of building typology and location of economic enterprises. A multilinear analysis results were presented using a model summary table, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) regression model was used to test the corresponding hypothesis. Findings indicated a significant relationship between aspects of building typology and location of economic enterprises (F=l0.824, critical value=2.094, a=0.05). This relationship was contributed by: house rent (~=-0.435, p=0.00), construction materials (~=-0.239, p=0.021), cost of building construction (P=-0.209, p=0.049), tenure status (P=-0.96, p=0.375), room size (P=-0.104, p=0.339), building accessibility (P=-0.129, p=0.270) and access to basic amenities (~=-0.07, p=0.095). The third objective determined the influence of circulation space configuration attributes on the location of economic enterprises. Spearman correlation coefficients of circulation space configuration attributes (betweenness, integration, connectivity and mean depth) were determined against the location of economic enterprises. The corresponding hypothesis was tested using multilinear ANOV A regression model. Findings indicated a significant relationship between circulation space configuration attributes with retail shops (F=IS.794), food kiosk (F=34.143) M-pesas: (F=ll.466) and barbershops and salons (F=l 1.539) at F-critical value (2.705) and the p-value=0.000 at a=0.05. Results of R¬square values indicated that circulation space configuration attributes can predict the location of retail shops, food kiosks, M-pesas and barbershops and salons by 41 %, 59.7%, 33.3%, and 33.4% respectively. Betweenness was found to be the best predictor of the location of economic enterprises. Key recommendations included enhancement of street interconnectivity and redesigning of intersections to accommodate more business activity and avoid likely user conflicts, participatory approach and public private partnerships in planning for economic activities, enhancement of the quality of circulation spaces, and recognition of informal settlements' economic enterprises for physical planning.
2020-01-01T00:00:00ZIntegrated Urban and Per-Urban Agriculture into Urban Planning as a Strategy to Enhance Food Security in Bondo Town
http://ir.jooust.ac.ke/handle/123456789/11745
Integrated Urban and Per-Urban Agriculture into Urban Planning as a Strategy to Enhance Food Security in Bondo Town
Masawa, Sarah Oloo
Due to rapid growth in populations in urban areas, the food requirements of urban centres have
enormously increased in recent years. Agriculture and food planners have to think how best to meet these food requirements without _putting stress on resources and polluting the environment. One of the possibilities is to grow food.r'especially perishable high-value vegetables, in and around urban centres. Therefore, the potential for Urban and Peri-Urban agriculture (UPUagr) cannot be underscored, most especially its contribution towards improving the poor livelihood status and enhancement of urban environmental management by closing the loop on urban waste
resources. The major challenge in Kenya is that UPUagr lacks supportive local policy and legal framework recognizing the socio-economic value of UPUagr. Its integration in broad urban
development plans with minimal conflict is also a problem. The study was conducted in 2011, at
Bondo Sub County, Bondo Town Council through field studies at Nyawita, Barkowino and Ajigo sub locations. The overall objective of this study was to assess the extent to which Urban and Peri-urban Agriculture is integrated into Bondo Urban Planning achievement of sustainable food security to enhance food security. The objectives were to examine planning strategies suitable for integrating UPUagr into urban planning and to identify major constraints to UPUagr in Bondo town. The study employed descriptive survey design. Proportionate method was used to determine the sample size of 368 households and 248 traders. Key informants from relevant Government Ministries and Non-Governmental Organizations were incorporated. Respondents were identified through purposive and random sampling (Primary data was collected using questionnaires, interview schedules, participants' observation, photographs. Qualitative data was analyzed through sub-themes and themes as they emerged. Quantitative data was analyzed using
l
descriptive statistics. The results showed that Urban and Peri-urban Agriculture complemented
rural agriculture. UPUagr had made important contributions to social, economic and ecological objectives of Sustainable Urban Development. The wide-ranging positive contribution of Urban and Peri- Urban Agriculture show its importance to a city's well-being, and the need to incorporate it in a city's comprehensive plan. The major constraint in the Sub County was drought. The study recommended intensification of extension service provision and creation of special programs in UPUagr by both Government and Non-Governmental Organizations. The local government in planning the upcoming towns, to develop a framework to act as the basis for developing policies that are more pragmatic for UPUagr and the adoption of modern techniques of fanning like aquaponics, hydroponics and greenhouses.
2014-01-01T00:00:00ZImplementation of Water Sector Reforms and Socio-Economic Development Programmes in arid and Semi Arid Lands: A Case of Mandera County, Kenya
http://ir.jooust.ac.ke/handle/123456789/11739
Implementation of Water Sector Reforms and Socio-Economic Development Programmes in arid and Semi Arid Lands: A Case of Mandera County, Kenya
Nyang'au, Josephat Misuko
Water sector reform was supposed to enhance water provision in all Counties of Kenya. However the implementation process has not been effective. It is in this regard that the study assessed the implementation of water sector reforms on socio-economic development programs in Mandera County. To achieve this objective the study analyzed the effects of operation cost, community participation, policy, and sustainability concerns on socio-economic development programs. The study employed a descriptive research design which sought to establish factors associated with certain occurrences, outcomes, conditions or types of behavior. The target population was 540 and the sample size was 10% of the target population which was 54. Questionnaires were used to collect Data. Majority comprising 64% of the total participants indicated that operational cost affected socio-economic development programs in Mandera County, 68% of the total participants indicated that community participation influenced socio-economic development programs in Mandera County, 76% of the total respondents indicated that policy affected socio-economic development programs in Mandera County and 72% of the total participants indicated that sustainability concern influenced socio-economic development programs in Mandera County. The water supply agency should ensure that operation costs are low, community participation should begin as soon as a community has requested a water supply facility. A policy framework should be put in place to help streamline the water sector. Water should not be over-exploited but naturally replenished and facilities should be maintained in a condition which ensures a reliable and adequate water supply.
2016-05-01T00:00:00ZFactors Affecting Commercial Motorcycle Transport Safety and its Socio-Economic Impact on Riders Within the Market Places in Siaya County
http://ir.jooust.ac.ke/handle/123456789/11735
Factors Affecting Commercial Motorcycle Transport Safety and its Socio-Economic Impact on Riders Within the Market Places in Siaya County
Abisai, Jackson Minkosky Tiema
Motorcycle transport is one of the new modes of public road transport currently used in Kenya. However, as commercial motorcycle transport gains acceptance due to various reasons, its safety is becoming a serious problem owing to the many risks associated with it. The purpose of this research was to examine commercial motorcycle transport safety within marketplaces of Siaya County, its socio-economic impacts on the riders as well as its environmental impacts. It sought to find out the significant factors of motorcycle safety, socio-economic impacts on rider, environment and to propose strategies to enhance motorcycle transport safety within marketplaces. The study was premised on the systems approach theory and the Haddon matrix. The Sampling for the study was done in 5 marketplaces and towns of Siaya County with estimated population of 2015 riders from which the sample size was derived. Systematic random sampling technique was used to administer 215 questionnaires to the riders while purposive sampling was used for 12 interviews. The data was collected using key informant interviews, questionnaires (Structured and unstructured) and observations. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Percentages and averages were used for descriptive data while multiple regression for inferential statistics in an SPSS (I 6) environment. Content analysis was used for qualitative data. Maps, pictures, graphs, charts, and tables were utilized in the presentation of results. The study found significant factors of safety at 95% confidence level to be; Bad roads, Drugs and drunken driving, Reckless riding, and Lack of helmet and appropriate dressing and Hours of operation. Earnings help riders sustain their families. The study recommends proper accident reporting, Infrastructure planning and upgrading, effective law enforcement measures and training of motorcycle riders. The County should provide continuous public training on road safety awareness programs. This will provide knowledge, and change perceptions on road safety practices in market places of Siaya County. The information may be used in county's transport policy development and improvement.
2017-05-01T00:00:00ZIntegrated Management of Water Hyacinth as Alternative Renewable Energy Through Community Involvement along the Shores of Lake Victoria Kenya
http://ir.jooust.ac.ke/handle/123456789/11729
Integrated Management of Water Hyacinth as Alternative Renewable Energy Through Community Involvement along the Shores of Lake Victoria Kenya
Odero, Martin Omondi
All over the world water hyacinth has remained a serious challenge wherever it has proliferated. The objectives of the study were to: compare calorific value of water hyacinth dry matter with those of local wood fuels; assess the difference between men and women in their awareness of water hyacinth as an alternative source of renewable energy; investigate the perception of individuals on water hyacinth as a source of alternative renewable energy across the three zones; and determine the levels of community involvement in water hyacinth control across the zones. The Systems Theory was used to study the interrelation among the various variables in the study which was carried out along the beaches of Lake Victoria in Kisumu and Homa Bay counties. Water hyacinth was harvested, chopped, dried, carbonized and compressed in an extrusion system. Eight hyacinth briquettes and eight carbonized wood samples were tested for calorific values using Isoperibol 1266 Bomb Calorimeter. The fishing community in the study area belonging to a beach management unit was the study target. Survey was used through focus group discussions. Systematic random sampling was applied to sample 18 beaches and 152 respondents in the study region. t-test indicated that the calorific value of water hyacinth briquettes was statistically different from those of local plant fuels, with local woods being higher, though, decision by the community to use any biomass as fuel depends on its abundance and not on cost or calorific value. t-test was applied to determine the variation of awareness of water hyacinth as an alternative renewable energy with gender and showed that there is no significant difference between the awareness of men and women on water hyacinth as an alternative renewable energy. The ANOV A test on comparison of perception of individuals across the zones provided F = 2.426 with 2 and 149 degrees of freedom with p-value (Sig.)= 0.092 > 0.05 revealed that, perception differed by the zone of residence. The study recommends that heavy duty briquette presses to improve quality of briquettes be made and placed in the hands of trained beach community members. These should be put in the hands of the community after their capacity building.
2015-01-01T00:00:00ZCapacity Buildings Strategy to Transform Ecotourism: Perception of Secondary School Youths in Bondo
http://ir.jooust.ac.ke/handle/123456789/11720
Capacity Buildings Strategy to Transform Ecotourism: Perception of Secondary School Youths in Bondo
Wanga, Joshua Otieno
Ecotourism supports environmental conservation as well as generating economic opportunities. It additionally emphasizes benefits to the local community and suggests that the involvement of the residents is important for the effective management of tourism. Bondo Sub-County is endowed with vast ecotourism resources yet the residents lavish in poverty. The objectives of the study were: To investigate the relationship between youths' environmental knowledge and ecotourism attitude in Bonda Sub¬Countyt; To examine the relationship between youth's ecotourism attitude and landscape likeability in Bonda Sub-County; To examine the relationship between landscape likeability and participation intention; To propose structural relationships between , environmental knowledge and ecotourism attitude; ecotourism attitude and landscape likeability; and• landscape likeability and participation intention and; To recommend an appropriate strategy for community capacity building for promotion of ecotourism in Bondo district and its environs. The study was based on Transactive Planning approach by John Friedmann. This approach is grounded on Social learning theory that emphasizes social learning and participation in planning. This study used students enrolled in Form Three at 16 co-educational day secondary schools in Bondo Sub-County. Random sampling technique was used to derive representative sample from the target youth population. Structural equation modeling using AMOS (Analysis of Moment Structures) was used to develop structural models for the relationships and to test hypotheses that; Environmental knowledge (EK) positively influences youths' attitude towards ecotourism (EA), Youths' attitude towards ecotourism positively influence their landscape likeability (LL), Landscape likeability positively influence participation intention. A strategy for community capacity building was proposed based on the relationship between environmental knowledge and ecotourism attitude (.70); ecotourism attitude and landscape likeability (.70); and landscape likeability and participation intention (.84). Analysis indicated that residents' environmental knowledge strongly influence attitudes towards ecotourism, which in tum determine the intention to participate in ecotourism through their individual landscape• affinity. Residents' involvement in ecotourism may be stimulated through: appropriate management strategies aimed at increasing their environmental knowledge; encouraging positive ecotourism attitudes, and environmental planning that promotes residents' affinity for local attractions.
2013-01-01T00:00:00ZFactors Affecting the Implementation of Community Afforestation Initiative Projects in Kenya: A Case of Kenya Forest Service
http://ir.jooust.ac.ke/handle/123456789/11702
Factors Affecting the Implementation of Community Afforestation Initiative Projects in Kenya: A Case of Kenya Forest Service
Kuria, Lawrence Gitundu
Afforestation projects are crucial for maintaining and improving the productivity of agricultural lands as well as sustaining the ecological balance of water catchment areas. The aim of the study was to assess factors affecting the implementation of community afforestation initiative project in Kenya. To achieve this goal the study sought to analyze the effects of operational cost, community participation, community financing and empowerment on the implementation of community afforestation initiative project. A case study of the implementing authority formed the basis for the inquiry while a stratified random sampling technique was employed to arrive at a sample size of 45 from a target population of 90 community afforestation initiative of the Kenya Forest Service. The study findings revealed that operational cost, community participation, community financing and empowerment all influenced the implementation of community afforestation initiative project in a positive way. The study recommended that; the project management team should reduce operational cost by eliminating wastage of valuable resources through prudent control systems, involve the community in planning and design of the afforestation initiative project to enhance participation, the project sponsors should increase the level of community financing to enhance the implementation process, project management team should focus their effort toward empowering the local community through afforestation initiative project for long term sustainability.
2016-01-01T00:00:00ZFactors Influencing Sorghum Production by Smallholder Farmers in Waia Division, Makueni County, Kenya
http://ir.jooust.ac.ke/handle/123456789/11692
Factors Influencing Sorghum Production by Smallholder Farmers in Waia Division, Makueni County, Kenya
Mutua, Nahshon Ngau
Smallholder farmers in arid and semi arid lands in Kenya are frequently affected by drought and famine which lead to starvation and malnutrition especially of children, women, the aged and disabled. Maize being the most preferred stable crop has low yields and of low quality due to drought. This has led to abject poverty among smallholder farmers. Therefore food security measures are urgently needed especially the choice of crop to salvage the situation lest smallholder farmers in these regions suffer serious food shortage. This study was carried out in Waia Division, Mbooni East District, Makueni County. The specific objectives of the study were; to find out the influence of socio-economic factors on sorghum production, to investigate the government policy influence on sorghum and to determine the influence of climatic factors on sorghum production. Descriptive research design was used in this study while descriptive survey method was used to collect data using questionnaires which were administered to smallholder farmers. Data collection was done on April/May 2013 in the four sub-locations of Waia division. A sample of three hundred and forty four smallholder farmers were selected using stratified proportionate random sampling and were interviewed. Descriptive statistics namely frequencies, percentages, cumulative percentages were used to analyze the data using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 16.Null Hypothesis; socioeconomic factors do not influence sorghum production was tested using the- chi-square method. The study observed that socio-economic factors (age, gender, land size, level of education, level of income, methods of sorghum production and land system) significantly influenced sorghum production. Climate change and government policy significantly influenced sorghum production. The study concluded that there is a great potential of sorghum production in Makueni. The study recommended that the smallholder farmers needed support from financial advisory services, sorghum production extension services and marketing by government, non-governmental organizations and private investors.
2015-10-01T00:00:00ZEnvironmental Effects of Urban and Peri-Urban Agriculture in Kisii Town, Kenya
http://ir.jooust.ac.ke/handle/123456789/10950
Environmental Effects of Urban and Peri-Urban Agriculture in Kisii Town, Kenya
Okwoyo, Amos Mogire
The purpose of the study was to determine the effects of urban and peri-urban agriculture on the environment in Kisii, Kenya. This is due to fact that the concept of Urban and Peri-Urban Agriculture (UPA) is beginning to gain popularity around the world. Though UPA has been practiced for many years throughout the world, it has been viewed with concern and with some as undesirable. Promoting safe food production and urban food distribution has faced many challenges, especially from opponents of urban agriculture worried about potential health risks to produce and distribute food in urban areas. Many of the previous studies have largely focused on its role in food security and economic benefits but no major studies have been done to document its environmental implication scales. Therefore, the main goal of the study was to investigate the environmental effects of UPA practices in Kenya, narrowed down to Kisii town. The specific objectives were to establish the typology of UPA in Kisii town, determine the environmental effects of UPA in Kisii town and make suggestions for effective implementation of UPA while conserving the urban environment. The study consisted of 360 urban household farmers who were selected through cluster sampling and purposive sampling techniques. Purposive sampling was employed for key informants who included County Director of Agriculture, County Director of Physical Planning, County Director Public Health and County Director of National Environment Management Authority. Out of the 360 questionnaires, only 296 were returned accounting for 82.2 response rate. The quantitative research design was adopted since the collected data needed to be coded into numerical format for analysis. The data was collected using questionnaires, interviews, observations checklists and photographs. The data was analyzed using simple descriptive statistics such as frequencies and percentages, as well as multiple linear regression. The results obtained indicated that famers in the study area practice both peri- urban and intra-urban agriculture, with 79.05% of the farms being located in the peri-urban areas and only 20.95% of them were intra-urban farms. Regarding UPA typologies, it was observed that crop production was the most common type of UPA within Kisii town while livestock rearing was the least common. Based on regression analysis, crop production had the greatest impact with regression coefficient of 0.511 while livestock had the least impact with a regression coefficient of 0.020. Agroforestry was second in terms of environmental impact while mixed farming was third in terms
Of its environmental impact with a regression coefficient of 0.14. The government officials interviewed had reservations against UPA. They were of the view that urban famers dot not practice UPA in safe environmental conditions with others using dirty and contaminated water for irrigation while livestock are left loitering in estates and others feed on garbage which could be contaminated. They recommended UPA to be promoted if it’s done in safe conditions like the one done by Kisii Agricultural Training Centre. The study concludes that UPA can support the sustainability of urban centers through productive urban green infrastructure including storm water retention, urban heat reduction and soil erosion control while still giving much-needed food to a significant number of people. The study recommends the legalizing of UPA to enable farmers get support from non-governmental and government agencies so as to encourage environmentally friendly farming practices. The study also recommends promotion of sustainable livestock production through workshops, training, and farmers’ educational tours as part of extension services; providing infrastructural services and increasing accessibility to markets to enhance UPA sustainability.
2022-01-01T00:00:00ZAn assessment of mobility limitations of the physically disabled in Nairobi: a case study of trip to CBD
http://ir.jooust.ac.ke/handle/123456789/2983
An assessment of mobility limitations of the physically disabled in Nairobi: a case study of trip to CBD
Nyangueso, Samuel Ouma
Accessibility however necessary and desirable to all; physical abilities, socioeconomic characteristics and external environment may make it difficult for the disabled to overcome physical separations of opportunity areas through transport. Ever since mobility limitations in transport systems for the disabled came to the limelight early last century, it has been of great concern to the world community. The limitations deny the disabled equal access to transport , one of the transport challenges that have faced both developed and developing countries. Many international and national bodies, governments and other institutions are putting in place initiatives aimed at removing mobility barriers for the disabled. United Nations in 1994 did not only identify accessibility as the first area to equalization of opportunities for Persons with Disabilities, but also crafted a rule committing all countries to initiate measures that guarantee them access to public transport services and other means of transportation, streets and other outdoor environments. Kenya on her part enacted Persons with Disabilities law in 2003, which treats accessibility and mobility for the disabled as rights and entitled them to a barrier-free and disability-friendly environment. The purpose of the study was to establish mobility limitations for the physically disabled in Nairobi and recommend measures that may enhance their mobility. In doing so, the study also sought to: (i) determine the travel characteristics for the disabled; and (ii) investigate necessity of mobility to the disabled population in Nairobi. A total of 53 subjects were sampled from a sample frame of 498 for administration of personal questionnaire. Other primary and secondary data sources were used as well as relevant literature reviewed. Qualitative and quantitative analysis techniques were applied in obtaining the results. The study found out that regular mobility for the disabled in Nairobi was prerequisite for securing their livelihood. Their travel characteristics were basically influenced by their places of residence and their sources of livelihoods. The disabled were found to iv be public transport captives over long distances and either walk or use manual mcycies or wheelchairs for mobility and accessibility over short distances. They, however, experience mobility limitations throughout their trips to their finai destinations. The structural design and operation of public service vehicles; the roads and terminal facilities; as well as the pubic attitude have inherent limitations that prevent or discourage their mobility by both public tr of transport. The interventions recommended include gradual introduction of suitably adapted public service vehicles for the disabled; enhancing inter-modal interface and provisions of sheltered-seats at the terminals; road widening and segregation of cycle paths; provisions for road furniture and transfer facilities; and guaranteed safe crossings. Besides, improving education for the disabled; decentralization of employment sites; and change in transport institutional framework were recommended.
2006-01-01T00:00:00Z