Afforestation projects are crucial for maintaining and improving the productivity of agricultural lands as well as sustaining the ecological balance of water catchment areas. The aim of the study was to assess factors affecting the implementation of community afforestation initiative project in Kenya. To achieve this goal the study sought to analyze the effects of operational cost, community participation, community financing and empowerment on the implementation of community afforestation initiative project. A case study of the implementing authority formed the basis for the inquiry while a stratified random sampling technique was employed to arrive at a sample size of 45 from a target population of 90 community afforestation initiative of the Kenya Forest Service. The study findings revealed that operational cost, community participation, community financing and empowerment all influenced the implementation of community afforestation initiative project in a positive way. The study recommended that; the project management team should reduce operational cost by eliminating wastage of valuable resources through prudent control systems, involve the community in planning and design of the afforestation initiative project to enhance participation, the project sponsors should increase the level of community financing to enhance the implementation process, project management team should focus their effort toward empowering the local community through afforestation initiative project for long term sustainability.