Neglect and under-utilization of legumes such as soybeans and bambaragroundnuts are the reason for increased food insufficiency in the Lake Vic toria basin. Diversification of legumes into the cropping systems of LakeVictoria basin ensures protein rich diets and improved soil fertility. Thisstudy was carried out to evaluate agronomic characters of two soybean vari eties and two bambara groundnut landraces cultivated on different soils ofLake Victoria basin. Seeds of two bambara groundnut landraces; KakamegaCream (KAKC) and Busia Brown (BUSB) were collected from farmers inKakamega and Busia counties, respectively in Kenya. Soil sampling wasdone at selected farmers’ fields with no history of inoculation in Kisumu, PortVictoria, Kendu bay and Karungu within Lake Victoria basin. Screen houseexperiment was performed in plastic pots with two plants of each cultivar.Randomized Complete Block Design was used. Agronomic characters ofBUSB and KAKC landraces differed significant (p<0.05). Bambara ground nuts performed better in Port Victoria and Kendu bay soils than Kisumuand Karungu. Agronomic performance of two soybean varieties SB19 and‘Safari’ on soils from four sites in Lake Victoria basin was significant (p<0.05).Soybeans yield in Port Victoria and Kendu bay soils was better compared toKisumu and Karungu soils. Agronomic performance of bambara groundnutsand soybeans were influenced by soil type. Port Victoria and Kendu bay soilsresulted in better growth compared to Kisumu and Karungu soils. LandraceKAKC and SB19 had better agronomic performers and are recommended tofarmers and seed companies for certified seed production.