JARAMOGI OGINGA ODINGA UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE & 
TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS 2012/2013 
2ND 

YEAR 2ND SEMESTER EXAMINATION OF BACHELOR OF 
EDUCATION (ARTS) 

(MAIN – 
SCHOOL BASED) 

COURSE CODE: AEN 204 
COURSE TITLE: STRUCTURE OF ENGLISH 
DATE: 26/8/13 TIME: 9.00 -11.00 AM 
DURATION: 2 HOURS 

INSTRUCTIONS 

1. This paper contains FIVE (5) questions. 
2. Answer question 1 (Compulsory) and any other TWO questions. 
3. Write all answer in the booklet provided. 

1. a) State and explain FOUR rewrite rules in phrase structure grammar. (12 Marks) 
b) Draw the phrase marker for the deep structure of each of the following 
sentences. (18 Marks) 


i. Will the boss hire Hillary? 
ii. Is that player leaving the team? 
iii. Who should the director call? 
iv. What is Joanne eating? 
2. a) Define mood of the verb. (4 Marks) 
b) Identify and explain the mood of the verb used in each of the following 
sentences. (16 Marks) 


i. Sit down and be quiet. 
ii. Why did he insist on driving to the mall? 
iii. We should turn in our ID badges before leaving the building. 
iv. The President came to see us 
3. Explain why the Subject and the Verb do not agree in each of the following 
sentences. (20 Marks) 
i. James, together with his teammates, present a serious challenge to us 
ii. He don’t like football 
iii. They was invited to the interview 
iv. The doctor and the nurse conduct ward rounds 
v. Either the students in this school or their leader are going to make a decision 
4. a) Explain what is meant by transformation in grammar. (4 Marks) 
b) 
Using an English sentence of your choice, explain, step by step, how a passive 
sentence is derived from an active sentence. (16 Marks) 

5. a) Define rank-shift with regard to the rank scale of linguistic description. (4 Marks) 
b) Explain the rank-shift involved in the underlined sections of the sentences 
below. (16 Marks) 


i. We know you won’t be there for the party 
ii. He lives at the edge of the cliff 
iii. That he has a morbid fascination with ghosts is common knowledge 
iv. You are not the person I wanted to see 
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