School of Education, Humanities & Social Scienceshttp://ir.jooust.ac.ke/handle/123456789/322024-03-28T10:33:24Z2024-03-28T10:33:24ZEnvironmental determinants of patterns and trends of the occurrence of unstable malaria in ~ Kericho district, KenyaTonui, Warkach K.http://ir.jooust.ac.ke/handle/123456789/28122022-06-30T10:21:04Z2008-01-01T00:00:00ZEnvironmental determinants of patterns and trends of the occurrence of unstable malaria in ~ Kericho district, Kenya
Tonui, Warkach K.
This study investigated environmental determinants of patterns and trends of occurrences of unstable malaria burdens in Kericho district of Kenya, a formerly malaria free highland district in early 1960s but classified by Kenya government in 2001 as malaria epidemic prone district where fatal malaria epidemics have reemerged seasonally each year since 1980s and represents a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the district. To achieve this objective patterns and trends of malaria burdens; malaria hospital admissions, morbidity and mortality, climatic elements; and households' characteristics and district health delivery system were investigated. Secondary data on malaria burdens and climatic element were obtained from Kericho district health facilities and Kericho meteorological station respectively for the synoptic period 1988-2005. Primary households' characteristics were obtained using questionnaires from a randomly sampled household (N=301) apportioned to all four Agro-Ecological Zones (AEZs) study sites in seven administrative divisions based on 1999 national population census. Useful information on health efficiency delivery system in the district was obtained from key medical professionals respondents to questionnaires in Kericho district health facilities. The data were analysed displayed and interpreted using statistical methods; . tables, graphs, means, percentages, ranges, correlation, regression analysis and tests of significance (t-test) and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Tables and time series graphs, were used to study emerging patterns and trends in malaria burdens and climatic elements over time. Correlation and regression methods were used to determine the relationship between malaria burden and climatic and socio-economic data. The t-test was used to establish the significance of computed correlation coefficients between malaria morbidity and each of the household's variables. Archview Geographic Information System (GIS) software was used to create a malaria zonation map of the distribution of incidences of malaria morbidity in the district and SWOT analysis was used to analyse the effectiveness of malaria control, prevention and management algorithms in the district.
Findings emerging from this study showed that outpatient malaria cases grew from 19643 cases in 1989 to 124408 cases in 1994 or a growth rate of 106.7% per annum and growth rate of 101.9% per annum in 1995-2002. Malaria hospital admissions grew from 10.27% per annum and a growth rate of 42.8% per annum in 1988-1994 and 1995-2002 respectively. Malaria deaths in Kericho district main hospital grew from 23 cases in 1988 to 34 in 1994, a growth rate of 6.9% per annum and in 1995-2002 malaria deaths grew from 84 to 160 cases or an annual increase of 18.1%
2008-01-01T00:00:00ZNetworks, SMEs management styles and technology policy in KenyaNdegwah, David J.Kroesen, Otto J.http://ir.jooust.ac.ke/handle/123456789/27992022-06-30T10:17:18Z2014-01-01T00:00:00ZNetworks, SMEs management styles and technology policy in Kenya
Ndegwah, David J.; Kroesen, Otto J.
Sub-Saharan Africa in general and Kenya in particular, provide a challenging business environment to any would-be investor. In this contribution the authors first present an overview of the economic, sociocultural and institutional hurdles for small-scale entrepreneurship. These include lack of education and/or experience, gender issues, age of the company, informal economy, access to capital, access to networks, lack of cooperation, lack of equal opportunity and finally the management styles. These challenges notwithstanding, there are some success stories that flourish, in spite of rather than because of the prevailing situation on the ground. Many entrepreneurial initiatives explicitly try to learn from the current policy failures and find spontaneous ways to overcome the sociocultural and institutional hurdles mentioned above. Moreover, some progress is being made by the Kenyan government in terms of policy regulations, which creates a forum for sectoral cooperation, albeit slowly. For this reason, the paper will in particular focus on the impact of management styles. This is the point, according to the conviction of the authors, where a difference can be made. Virtues and values that specifically enhance the productive capacity, such as improved communication, initiative, and more egalitarian management are not inborn and can be learned through training and practice. Two exemplary cases will be put forward, one negative, one positive, which are intended to show that focus on management styles may also be conducive to more effective business policies in general. Management styles and technology policies are required that explicitly defy the compartmentalization of the society by cultivating a community spirit in which differences may flourish. This should be supported by government policies and regulatory frameworks, which create room for equal access to opportunities and allow for a fair playing ground in an open civil society. This is a continuous and not so simple struggle. In one case that the authors present the management style is an obstacle for growth while in the other one a more promising approach comes to the fore. They conclude that much more attention should be paid to ways in which the management and culture of a company is framed as a success factor for small SMEs.
2014-01-01T00:00:00ZAn investigation on the socio economic determinants for demand for technical and vocational training among the youth in Kajiado County, KenyaSankale, JamesSakwa, Maurice M.Ndegwah, David J.http://ir.jooust.ac.ke/handle/123456789/27982022-06-30T10:17:18Z0009-01-01T00:00:00ZAn investigation on the socio economic determinants for demand for technical and vocational training among the youth in Kajiado County, Kenya
Sankale, James; Sakwa, Maurice M.; Ndegwah, David J.
Purpose: The study aimed at establishing the extent to which socio-economic background determines the demand in TVET among the youth in Kajiado County.
Methodology: The study used a mixed method design of both qualitative and quantitative methods for the purposes of triangulation. Empirical figures of student enrolment were obtained using standardized formula, followed by in-depth interviews about their study habits and attitudes towards TVETs. Quantitative and qualitative forms of data was linked for three reasons: First, for confirming or corroborating each other via triangulation; second, for elaborating or developing analysis, providing richer details and third, for initiating new lines of thinking through attention to new ideas coming up, as well as and providing fresh insight (Rosmann and Wilson (quoted in Miles & Huberman, 1994). The study was confined to the natural settings and attempted to interpret phenomenon in terms of the meaning that people will bring as asserted by Denzin and Lincoln (2005). The study applied a descriptive cross- sectional survey as its quantitative research design. According to Cooper and Schindler (2003), the research design is appropriate if the study is concerned with finding out what, when, and how much of phenomena.
Findings: From the research findings above, it can be inferred that socio economic background influence is key determinant of the demand for TVET courses. The study concludes that affordability of TVET programmes and the competition among household dependants for the acquisition of skills exerts influence on demand for TVET. Some parents nonetheless have challenges meeting the costs of TVET programmes. Given that the cost of TVET courses is uneven as some demand more resources than others; a parent’s income possibly determines the choice of the course for their children. If the income is low, the preference will be a cheaper course. This is further complicated by the high cost of living, especially in cases where the number of dependants in the family is high. This reduces some parents’ purchasing power to afford the TVET costs relative to their meagre income.
Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: Parents and students should build networks with members of the society who are of higher socio-economic status to enhance the ability of the graduates to gain opportunities in the labour market. The research can aid in advancing both the theoretical and practical knowledge and aims at getting the ‘best practice’ to act as a benchmark used in organizational problem solving. It therefore establishes a relationship between performance of youth polytechnics and the level of demand for TVET.
0009-01-01T00:00:00ZEconomically feasible, but not financially sound? Charity and/or business in rural developmentKroesen, Otto J.Ndegwah, David J.http://ir.jooust.ac.ke/handle/123456789/27912022-06-30T10:17:18Z2016-01-01T00:00:00ZEconomically feasible, but not financially sound? Charity and/or business in rural development
Kroesen, Otto J.; Ndegwah, David J.
Instead of presenting a business approach or a community (NGO) approach towards development as an either-or alternative, these two in actual fact constitute a continuum. This is particularly the case if the bottom of the pyramid is targeted, like smallholder farmers. Social enterprises often cannot avoid building the social and institutional conditions for proper functioning as a business. That may take investment costs (including social investment costs, time and energy) that cannot be integrated into a revenue model. This analysis is corroborated by examples and cases from a minor and internship program from the Delft University of Technology on international entrepreneurship and development. The paper adopts a civil society approach whereby a well-functioning civil society is understood as a condition for doing business. This entails free association, shifting memberships of individuals and organizations, lack of confinement to specific ethnic groups or strict state authority, and disentanglement from patrimonial systems. Then there are requirements for a universalist state (rule of law, law enforcement, transparency) and capable citizens. Where such an institutional framework is lacking either NGOs or social enterprises have to fill the gap. And since the costs of these activities cannot be covered by the revenue model, a bottom of the pyramid approach can be designed more effectively by including civil society partners and by understanding the roles of the different stakeholders. Thus cooperation between social enterprises and NGOs will be more effective if they have a better understanding of their mutual contribution and role in development.
Proceedings of the 14th Rural Entrepreneurship Conference, Lincoln Business School, 15-17
th June 2016
2016-01-01T00:00:00ZThe end of neoliberalism and the beginning of talking business A value oriented approach to entrepreneurship in KenyaNdegwah, David J.Kroesen, Otto J.http://ir.jooust.ac.ke/handle/123456789/27842022-06-30T10:17:18Z2017-01-01T00:00:00ZThe end of neoliberalism and the beginning of talking business A value oriented approach to entrepreneurship in Kenya
Ndegwah, David J.; Kroesen, Otto J.
The neoliberal approach dominating the globalization process is criticized in this contribution as not working for the promotion of entrepreneurship in the Kenyan situation. It is a shortcut of the Western social and economic heritage in the first place. It has a limited understanding of human beings as only consisting of needs which should be fulfilled by calculative consumers and producers on an open market with an equal level playing field for quite unequal (global) forces. It is detrimental when introduced in Africa, not only because of the lack of competitive capacity, but also because it collides with the traditional value system of communitarianism and respect etc. A case on entrepreneurship is analyzed in which these detrimental effects come to the fore. Another case is analyzed, which shows a more positive example, creating a bridge and installing a learning process between traditional African values of respect and communitarianism and modern civil society-like values such as equal access, egalitarianism, effective time management and more. The gist of this contribution is a plea for "talking business". A dialogue between the African heritage and modern managerial values should find the way forward for entrepreneurship in Africa. Traditional and modern values need to "talk" to each other. But we should talk business: The African entrepreneurial solution should be effective, competitive on the global market and it should express the African contribution towards a lasting unification of different traditions living together in one planetary and economic house.
2017-01-01T00:00:00ZCulture and value trade-offs for successful entrepreneurship in AfricaKroesen, Otto J.Ndegwah, David J.http://ir.jooust.ac.ke/handle/123456789/27832022-06-30T10:17:18Z2017-01-01T00:00:00ZCulture and value trade-offs for successful entrepreneurship in Africa
Kroesen, Otto J.; Ndegwah, David J.
In Africa slowly but steadily a transformation is taking place in the management styles of enterprises. There is a trend towards more precise time management, more precision in dealing with increasingly sophisticated technology, more feedback from the bottom to the top in order to manage the processes properly, more professionalism and independence of the individual worker. This contribution makes two points: first, neither cultures nor the so-called mental states of individuals are ever static, but always on the move. Second, the force of passion and inspiration by which particular cultural values are endorsed in a particular context makes all the difference in their impact. The importance of these two propositions comes to the fore, if the concept of an “economic culture” is taken into consideration. The claim of the authors is that the ongoing cultural transformation can be better understood in the dynamic approach of cultural values as proposed here.
2017-01-01T00:00:00ZKnowledge management practices: catalyst for development of university libraries in KenyaMurumba, Joan W.Ndukuh, Charles Kileihttp://ir.jooust.ac.ke/handle/123456789/13582022-06-30T10:17:18Z0009-01-01T00:00:00ZKnowledge management practices: catalyst for development of university libraries in Kenya
Murumba, Joan W.; Ndukuh, Charles Kilei
0009-01-01T00:00:00ZAn analysis of the phenomenon Ime y’omwana movement in Kenyenya sub-county, Kisii County, KenyaNyangara, Makori A.Naila, NapooObwoge, Hezekiahhttp://ir.jooust.ac.ke/handle/123456789/2132022-06-30T10:17:19Z0006-01-01T00:00:00ZAn analysis of the phenomenon Ime y’omwana movement in Kenyenya sub-county, Kisii County, Kenya
Nyangara, Makori A.; Naila, Napoo; Obwoge, Hezekiah
The bewildering explosion of new religious movements in Africa forms a tremendous increase in number of splinter groups in Christianity. In this paper, we give an analysis of a phenomenon ImeY’omwana movement in
Kenyenya Sub-County in Kisii County. ImeY’Omwana is separatist novel religious movement and it is a splinter group from Seventh Day Adventist church in Kenyenya Sub-county, Kisii County. The paper traces its origin from the reasons for the division from the main church, its beliefs and practices. It is curious to note that ImeY’omwana movement puts more emphasis on the son of God. They speak more on the son of God and they rarely speak of God.TheImeY’Omwana (IYM) inKisii language means literally in the Son of God. This a splinter group was started as protest against some tenets of the main church like tithing, righteousness by faith, baptism of the Holy Spirit, choice of leaders according to the level of education and offerings. The IYM began in Kenyenya Sub-County in Kisii County in 1979. Latter it moved to Gucha Sub-County then to Gucha South Sub-County, Masaba south sub-county all the way to Nyamira County. Experience of 31st December 1999 from Kenyenya sub-county showed that the IYM followers sold all their properties and made artificial wings in readiness to fly to heaven with Jesus upon the dawn of millennium. Those who tried to fly from the trees fell down broke their limbs and some even died. It is also alleged that the IYM followers do not take their children to school nor do they go to hospital for treatment.
1st JOOUST Scientific Conference
0006-01-01T00:00:00ZLanguage as repository in the preservation of biodiversity: an ecolinguistic perspectiveObiero, Ogone J.http://ir.jooust.ac.ke/handle/123456789/2122022-06-30T10:17:19Z0006-01-01T00:00:00ZLanguage as repository in the preservation of biodiversity: an ecolinguistic perspective
Obiero, Ogone J.
The current rapid global climatic change has caused a drastic reduction in the biodiversity. Habitats previously occupied by plants and animals are fast being encroached by human populations. But even more worrying are the dynamics within that human population: The older generations who were custodians of indigenous knowledge are being replaced by new generations without this knowledge. This unfortunate trend is especially critical in cases where intergenerational transmission of indigenous knowledge has been disrupted to a great extent, causing an urgent need for intervention. Previous studies have found language to be an elaborate repository of knowledge about a people and their environment (both physical and social) (c.f. Sapir, 1912). It has been noted, for instance, that characteristics of a given social or physical environment is stored in the vocabulary of a given language. This paper is of the view that conservation efforts aimed at restoring biodiversity may not amount to much without records of traditional systems of knowledge. One way to document such knowledge is through language documentation, especially the vocabulary related to the physical environment comprising plants, animals, and social environment - particularly folklore related directly to the social environment, personal accounts, narratives and experiences and knowledge about the climate.
1st Scientific Conference
0006-01-01T00:00:00ZIntegrating language and sacred knowledge in conservation of indigenous trees in Siaya CountyRew, Francis O.http://ir.jooust.ac.ke/handle/123456789/2112022-06-30T10:17:19Z0006-01-01T00:00:00ZIntegrating language and sacred knowledge in conservation of indigenous trees in Siaya County
Rew, Francis O.
This is a descriptive survey of sacred places and trees considered the sources of powerful forces, energy and wisdom within the lake region of Kenya. Sacred landscapes are maintained through the practice of religious rituals, ceremonies, and sanctions within a specific cultural group. The sacred ecology refers to the interactions between humans and nature in a particular landscape in this life and next. Sacred places may hold significance for one household, a community or multiple communities. Indigenous knowledge systems, rooted in a particular geography, are mostly culturally transmitted via collective memory that is encoded in stories, myths, legends, songs, dances, rituals and practices. It may also be sacred or specialized knowledge known only to a few, such as religious leaders and herbal practitioners. Among the Luo community of Kenya all living creatures as well as non-living material objects contain some form of ‘power’ making them sacred to the user communities. The power might be dormant until they are provoked. In this presentation the paper aims at to show how developments in recent history have devalued and in some cases eliminated indigenous fauna and flora together with knowledge and practices through destruction of the sacred places, objects and unique plants and vegetation. Conflicts have emerged between the need to conserve language, enhance local livelihoods and protection of the environment. Increasing public awareness of deforestation and its links to soil erosion, loss of biodiversity, floods, and other forms of environmental degradation have not been made central to community’s economic activities. While stressing on economic well-being and tourism, the society has ironically destroyed cultural identity and has adulterated sacred places with abandon.
1st JOOUST Scientific Conference
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