Livestock keeping is one of the potential factors related to malaria transmission. To date, the impact of livestock keeping on malaria transmission remains inconclusive, as some studies suggest a zooprophylactic effect while others indicate a zoopotentiation effect. This study assessed the impact of livestock keeping on malaria transmission risks. Additionally, the study explored the knowledge and perceptions of residents about the relationships between livestock keeping and malaria transmission risks in a Minepa village in Ulanga district, south-eastern Tanzania. A longitudinal entomological study was conducted in Minepa village, south-eastern Tanzania. Forty households were randomly selected, of which 20 had livestock and the other 20 had no livestock. Weekly mosquito collection was performed from January to April 2023. The CDC-Light traps and prokopack aspirators were used for indoor mosquito collections, while human-baited double-net traps and resting buckets were used for outdoor collections. A sub-sample of mosquitoes collected was subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for mosquito sibling species identification and detection of blood meals, respectively. Negative binomial generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) were used to assess the influence of livestock on mosquito density. Also, in-depth interviews (IDIs) were conducted to explore community knowledge and perceptions on the relationships between livestock keeping and malaria transmission risks. A total of 48,677 female Anopheles mosquitoes were collected. Out of these, 89% were An. gambiae s.l., while other species were An. funestus, An. pharoensis, An. coustani, and An. squamosus. Compared to houses with no livestock, there was a significant increase in the overall mean number of An. funestus mosquitoes indoors (RR=2.866, 95%CI: 1.471 – 5.582, p=0.002) and outdoors (RR= 1.579,95%CI: 1.080 – 2.865, p=0.023) in households with livestock. The presence of livestock was positively associated with the indoor density of An. coustani, An. pharoensis, and An. squamosus. The findings revealed a statistically significant increase in the overall number of An. gambiae s.l. outdoors (RR=1.181, 95%CI: 1.050 – 1.862, p=0.043) but not indoors. The presence of livestock at varying distances from the household did not show any impact on the densities of major Anopheles mosquitoes except for An. coustani, where the increase in such distance resulted in a decrease in An. coustani mosquito densities (RR = 0.113, 95% CI: 0.022– 0.588, p = 0.010). The human blood index in mosquitoes collected from houses with livestock was less than that from houses that had no livestock (OR=0.149, 95%CI: 0.110 – 0.178, p<0.001). In a qualitative assessment, the majority of participants observed the high density of mosquitoes in houses with livestock and suggested that community members living in livestock-keeping communities should be well provided with awareness on how to effectively manage animals alongside malaria and vector control. Despite the potential for zooprophylaxis, this study indicates a higher malaria transmission risk in livestock-keeping communities. It is crucial to prioritise and implement targeted interventions to control vector populations within these communities. Furthermore, it is important to enhance community education and awareness regarding covariates such as livestock keeping that influence malaria transmission.