JOOUST Repository

The JOOUST Repository aims to store, preserve, disseminate, and provide access to scientific and intellectual outputs, ensuring the preservation of the University’s intellectual memory.

JOOUST Repository Banner

Discover

Communities in DSpace

Select a community to browse its collections.

Recent Submissions

  • Thumbnail Image
    Item type: Item , Access status: Open Access ,
    The Role of Non-indemnity Insurance Products in Poverty Alleviation in Kenyan Urban Households:
    (International Journal of Economics, Business and Management Research, 2026-05-26) Kodia, Janepher Grace Khisa
    Urban poverty in Kenya remains a persistent development concern despite the expansion of financial inclusion, growth in mobile money, and ongoing reforms in social protection and health financing. Urban households are exposed to frequent financial shocks arising from illness, accidental injury, death of a breadwinner, disability, informal employment, debt obligations, inflation, and high costs of housing, food, transport and education. This article reviews the role of selected non-indemnity insurance products in poverty alleviation among Kenyan urban households. For purposes of analytical precision, the discussion is confined to Personal Accident policies and Life Assurance policies, specifically Ordinary Life, Endowment, Whole Life and Unit-Linked policies. The study is anchored on Social Protection Theory, supported by Risk Management Theory and Financial Inclusion Theory. It argues that non-indemnity insurance products can reduce poverty vulnerability by offering predetermined benefits that stabilize household consumption, protect dependents, support education continuity, preserve household assets, improve resilience aftershocks and encourage long-term savings. The article further develops rich conceptual literature on each policy, including its structure, suitability, poverty reduction relevance, advantages and limitations in the Kenyan urban context. The review shows that while these products can contribute to poverty alleviation, their impact is constrained by low insurance literacy, affordability barriers, irregular incomes, mistrust of insurers, policy lapses, inflationary erosion of benefits and weak product customization. The article recommends simplified product design, flexible premium payment, consumer education, digital distribution, stronger market conduct supervision, faster claims settlement and deliberate integration of insurance into urban poverty-reduction strategies.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item type: Item , Access status: Open Access ,
    Insurance Stakeholders and Regulatory Dynamics within the Kenyan Insurance Marketplace:
    (Research Journal of Finance and Accounting www.iiste.org ISSN 2222-1697 (Paper, 2026-04-30) Kodia, Janepher Grace Khisa; Asola, Allan Okwenda
    The insurance industry plays a fundamental role in fostering economic growth, financial stability, investment mobilization, and societal resilience against uncertainty. In both developed and developing economies, insurance serves as a critical mechanism for managing risks associated with business operations, health emergencies, natural disasters, technological disruptions, and other unforeseen events. In Kenya, the insurance sector has undergone significant transformation over the last decade due to regulatory reforms, technological advancements, financial sector deepening, and increased adoption of digital financial services. Despite these developments, insurance penetration remains relatively low compared to global standards, raising concerns regarding consumer confidence, insurance literacy, affordability, claims management, and institutional effectiveness. This paper critically reviews the stakeholder ecosystem and regulatory dynamics shaping the Kenyan insurance marketplace. The study focuses on key stakeholders including insurance agents, brokers, insurance companies, reinsurance companies, and the Insurance Regulatory Authority (IRA). Guided by Expected Utility Theory, Information Asymmetry Theory, and Institutional Theory, the paper adopts a qualitative critical review methodology based on contemporary academic literature, industry reports, policy documents, and regulatory publications. The findings reveal that while digital innovation, risk-based supervision, microinsurance, and financial inclusion initiatives have enhanced market efficiency, challenges such as insurance fraud, delayed claims settlement, climate-related risks, low public awareness, and cyber threats continue to constrain industry growth. The study concludes that sustainable development of Kenya's insurance industry requires stronger stakeholder collaboration, enhanced regulatory innovation, improved consumer protection, increased insurance literacy, and responsible technological adoption. The paper contributes to the growing discourse on insurance market development in emerging economies and provides policy recommendations aimed at strengthening the resilience, inclusiveness, and competitiveness of Kenya's insurance sector.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item type: Item , Access status: Open Access ,
    General Parasitology
    (JOOUST, 2025) AAB 1201
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item type: Item , Access status: Open Access ,
    Norm-Attainable Operators in Operator Ideals: Characterizations, Properties, and Structural Implications
    (2025-01-01) Wafula, A.M; Mogoi, N. Evans
    This paper explores the interplay between norm-attainable operators and operator ideals in the context of Hilbert spaces, providing a comprehensive characterization of their structural and geometric properties. We investigate norm-attainability within common operator classes, including compact operators, Schatten (p)-class, trace-class, and weakly compact operators. Foundational lemmas establish the existence and basic properties of norm-attainable operators, which are extended through propositions detailing their behavior under inclusion in specific operator ideals. Key theorems characterize conditions for norm-attainability, highlighting connections to compactness, spectral properties, and finite-rank approximations. The results elucidate practical implications, such as operator approximations and eigenvalue relationships. These findings have direct applications in quantum mechanics, signal processing, and numerical analysis, where operator approximations are crucial for efficient computation and system modeling. Furthermore, we outline potential extensions of this work to the more general settings of unbounded operators and Banach spaces, opening avenues for future research and broadening the scope of applicability. This study advances understanding of norm-attainable operators in operator theory, offering new insights into their algebraic and geometric significance within operator ideals.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item type: Item , Access status: Open Access ,
    Addressing priority gaps in access and quality of NCD services in primary care settings in Rural Kenya: a participatory approach to intervention development
    (BMC Primary Care, 2026-04) Ouma, Ogol Japheth; Museve, Elijah; Omondi, Dickens; Akinyi, Ivy; Sylvester Ogutu; Obinge, Elizabeth; Ayodo, George; Bogers, Johannes; Olmen, Josefien
    Background: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), particularly diabetes mellitus (DM) and hypertension (HTN), are projected to surpass communicable diseases as the leading causes of mortality in Africa by 2030. Kenya remains off track to achieving the 25x25 global targets for reducing premature NCD mortality, underscoring the need to strengthen prevention, early detection, and management at the primary healthcare (PHC) level. This study aimed to: (i) conduct a joint analysis of facility-level baseline data to identify gaps in PHC service delivery for DM and HTN, and (ii) collaboratively identify and co-design tailored improvement interventions to enhance access to quality DM and HTN services. Methods: A participatory research (PAR) approach was applied using a five-step procedures: (1) situation analysis; (2) stakeholder engagement to identify service delivery gaps; (3) prioritization of interventions; (4) implementation planning informed by contextual factors; and (5) monitoring and evaluation. Two multistakeholder workshops were conducted involving health management teams, PHC workers, community health promoters, patients, and researchers. Stakeholders were identified using purposive and snowball sampling. Data analysis included quantitative scoring in Excel and qualitative synthesis in Dedoose software. Results: Key gaps identified included limited pre-service training on DM and HTN, insufficient disease-specific knowledge among PHC workers, suboptimal patient care pathways characterized by long waiting times and weak follow-up, and the absence of standardized care packages. Priority interventions co-designed through the participatory approach included targeted PHC worker training, improved access to clinical guidelines, structured mentorship and supervision, strengthened community outreach, and improved availability of diagnostic tools and essential medicines. Conclusion: Participatory approaches to intervention development (PAID) facilitate stakeholder ownership and contextually appropriate solutions, offering a pragmatic pathway to strengthening DM and HTN care at the PHC level.