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Item type: Item , Access status: Open Access , Nutritional Education Practices and Learning Outcomes in Public Pre-Schools in Homa Bay County, Kenya(Journal of Research Innovation and Implications in Education, 2026) Ogada, Anyango Donnet; Odongo, Benson Charles; Okello, Lazarus MillanAdequate nutrition plays a critical role in children’s physical growth, cognitive development. Many public preprimary schools in Homa Bay County continue to experience nutrition-related problems which may adversely affect learning outcomes. Despite the importance of nutritional education provision in pre-primary school settings, limited empirical evidence exists on how nutritional education practices affects learning outcomes. The paper is guided by pragmatic research paradigm and utilising a concurrent triangulation design to assess the relationship between nutritional education practices and learning outcomes in public pre-primary schools in Homa Bay County. The target population consisted of 877 public pre-primary schools, 877 head teachers, 1,211 teachers and 40 Early Childhood Development Education field officers. A sample of 44 head teachers, 301 teachers, and 40 ECDE supervisors was obtained and sampled using purposive and stratified random sampling methods. Data were collected through questionnaires, interviews, and observation checklists. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics, whereas qualitative data were subjected to thematic content analysis. There was a statistically significant strong positive relationship between nutritional education practices and learning outcomes (r = 0.643, p < 0.05). This implied that effective nutritional education practices would improve learners’ knowledge, skills and attitudes towards learning. Provision of nutritional education is key towards enhancing pre-primary school pupils learning outcomes. The paper recommends the need for county and national governments to strengthen teacher capacity, teachers to educate parental on importance of proper nutrition for their children, and government to support nutrition education programmes to improve children’s learning outcomes.Item type: Item , Access status: Open Access , The Role of Non-indemnity Insurance Products in Poverty Alleviation in Kenyan Urban Households:(International Journal of Economics, Business and Management Research, 2026-05-26) Kodia, Janepher Grace KhisaUrban poverty in Kenya remains a persistent development concern despite the expansion of financial inclusion, growth in mobile money, and ongoing reforms in social protection and health financing. Urban households are exposed to frequent financial shocks arising from illness, accidental injury, death of a breadwinner, disability, informal employment, debt obligations, inflation, and high costs of housing, food, transport and education. This article reviews the role of selected non-indemnity insurance products in poverty alleviation among Kenyan urban households. For purposes of analytical precision, the discussion is confined to Personal Accident policies and Life Assurance policies, specifically Ordinary Life, Endowment, Whole Life and Unit-Linked policies. The study is anchored on Social Protection Theory, supported by Risk Management Theory and Financial Inclusion Theory. It argues that non-indemnity insurance products can reduce poverty vulnerability by offering predetermined benefits that stabilize household consumption, protect dependents, support education continuity, preserve household assets, improve resilience aftershocks and encourage long-term savings. The article further develops rich conceptual literature on each policy, including its structure, suitability, poverty reduction relevance, advantages and limitations in the Kenyan urban context. The review shows that while these products can contribute to poverty alleviation, their impact is constrained by low insurance literacy, affordability barriers, irregular incomes, mistrust of insurers, policy lapses, inflationary erosion of benefits and weak product customization. The article recommends simplified product design, flexible premium payment, consumer education, digital distribution, stronger market conduct supervision, faster claims settlement and deliberate integration of insurance into urban poverty-reduction strategies.Item type: Item , Access status: Open Access , Insurance Stakeholders and Regulatory Dynamics within the Kenyan Insurance Marketplace:(Research Journal of Finance and Accounting www.iiste.org ISSN 2222-1697 (Paper, 2026-04-30) Kodia, Janepher Grace Khisa; Asola, Allan OkwendaThe insurance industry plays a fundamental role in fostering economic growth, financial stability, investment mobilization, and societal resilience against uncertainty. In both developed and developing economies, insurance serves as a critical mechanism for managing risks associated with business operations, health emergencies, natural disasters, technological disruptions, and other unforeseen events. In Kenya, the insurance sector has undergone significant transformation over the last decade due to regulatory reforms, technological advancements, financial sector deepening, and increased adoption of digital financial services. Despite these developments, insurance penetration remains relatively low compared to global standards, raising concerns regarding consumer confidence, insurance literacy, affordability, claims management, and institutional effectiveness. This paper critically reviews the stakeholder ecosystem and regulatory dynamics shaping the Kenyan insurance marketplace. The study focuses on key stakeholders including insurance agents, brokers, insurance companies, reinsurance companies, and the Insurance Regulatory Authority (IRA). Guided by Expected Utility Theory, Information Asymmetry Theory, and Institutional Theory, the paper adopts a qualitative critical review methodology based on contemporary academic literature, industry reports, policy documents, and regulatory publications. The findings reveal that while digital innovation, risk-based supervision, microinsurance, and financial inclusion initiatives have enhanced market efficiency, challenges such as insurance fraud, delayed claims settlement, climate-related risks, low public awareness, and cyber threats continue to constrain industry growth. The study concludes that sustainable development of Kenya's insurance industry requires stronger stakeholder collaboration, enhanced regulatory innovation, improved consumer protection, increased insurance literacy, and responsible technological adoption. The paper contributes to the growing discourse on insurance market development in emerging economies and provides policy recommendations aimed at strengthening the resilience, inclusiveness, and competitiveness of Kenya's insurance sector.Item type: Item , Access status: Open Access , General Parasitology(JOOUST, 2025) AAB 1201Item type: Item , Access status: Open Access , Norm-Attainable Operators in Operator Ideals: Characterizations, Properties, and Structural Implications(2025-01-01) Wafula, A.M; Mogoi, N. EvansThis paper explores the interplay between norm-attainable operators and operator ideals in the context of Hilbert spaces, providing a comprehensive characterization of their structural and geometric properties. We investigate norm-attainability within common operator classes, including compact operators, Schatten (p)-class, trace-class, and weakly compact operators. Foundational lemmas establish the existence and basic properties of norm-attainable operators, which are extended through propositions detailing their behavior under inclusion in specific operator ideals. Key theorems characterize conditions for norm-attainability, highlighting connections to compactness, spectral properties, and finite-rank approximations. The results elucidate practical implications, such as operator approximations and eigenvalue relationships. These findings have direct applications in quantum mechanics, signal processing, and numerical analysis, where operator approximations are crucial for efficient computation and system modeling. Furthermore, we outline potential extensions of this work to the more general settings of unbounded operators and Banach spaces, opening avenues for future research and broadening the scope of applicability. This study advances understanding of norm-attainable operators in operator theory, offering new insights into their algebraic and geometric significance within operator ideals.