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The JOOUST Repository aims to store, preserve, disseminate, and provide access to scientific and intellectual outputs, ensuring the preservation of the University’s intellectual memory.

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    Item type: Item , Access status: Open Access ,
    From Crop Pest to Plate: The Potential of Giant Long-Horn Beetle Larvae (Tithoes Confinis) as a Sustainable Food and Nutrition Resource in Eastern Tanzania
    (Journal of Current Opinion in Crop Science, 2025-06-30) Mpombeye, Patrick Cleophace; Otieno, Dennis Ochuodho; Watako, Arnold Onyango; Kigeso, Andrea Malima; Mwakalinga, Nicolaus Anania
    Food insecurity remains a persistent challenge in rural Tanzania, particularly in Morogoro Rural District, where seasonal food shortages and limited access to affordable, nutritious food threaten household well-being. This study explored the contribution of edible giant longhorn beetle larvae (Tithoes confinis) to household nutrition and food security in selected villages across the district. Data were collected through household surveys, key informant interviews, and focus group discussions conducted in three purposively selected villages: Mazizi, Maseyu, and Mgodini. A total of 385 households participated in the study, representing a cross-section of food security statuses and insect consumption practices. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests to determine the relationship between food security levels and insect consumption, while qualitative data provided insights into advantages of consumption. The results showed that food insecurity was prevalent, with a notable percentage of households categorized as moderately or severely food insecure. Households experiencing higher levels of food insecurity were more likely to consume T. confinis larvae as coping strategy during food shortage. The larvae were recognized for their high nutritional value, ease of accessibility, and cultural acceptance among the Luguru people. However, consumption was declining due to changing dietary norms, negative perceptions, and lack of policy support. The study concludes that integrating edible insects like T. confinis into local diets and nutrition programme could enhance dietary diversity and resilience among rural populations. Policy support and public education on insect-based value chains are recommended to reposition this food source as part of sustainable nutrition strategies.
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    Cost-Effective PUF and ECC-Based Authentication Protocol for Secure Internet of Drones Communication
    (IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 2025-06-03) Nyangaresi, Vincent Omollo; Ahmad, Musheer; Maghrabi, Louai A.; Althaqaf, Turki
    Internet of Drones (IoD) plays a critical role in remote monitoring operations. It has been heavily deployed in applications such as traffic management, air traffic control, disaster and agricultural monitoring. In such operations, high volumes of sensitive and private data is collected and transmitted to the ground stations. The usage of unreliable and open wireless channels during the message exchange process exposes the IoD to a myriad of security threats. Therefore, numerous authentication protocols have been developed in the recent past to mitigate these threats. However, most of these protocols are still inadequate in the provision of robust security against typical IoD attacks. Because, they involve resource-intensive operations and make them unsuitable for an IoD environment. Therefore, we put forward a new authentication protocol which exhibits cost-effective performance. To develop the new protocol for secure IoD communication, we leverage on biometrics, physically unclonable function and elliptic curve cryptography for the robust performance. Extensive formal security analysis using the random oracle model (ROM) is showing that proposed protocol is provably secure. The informal security analysis is also performed which demonstrates its robustness against all the threat assumptions in the Canetti-Krawczyk (C-K) model. Specifically, it is found to offer conditional privacy, unlinkability, anonymity, mutual authentication, session key establishment and perfect key secrecy. Moreover, it is capable enough to mitigate numerous threats such as forgery, impersonation, stolen verifier, replay, physical capture, de-synchronization, known secret key and smart card loss attacks. The performance is cost-effective as evident from the comparative analysis showing that the proposed protocol incurs the lowest energy consumptions and computation overheads at relatively low communication costs compared to many other authentication schemes.
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    Derivation of A Risk Model that Incorporates Inhomogeneous Claim Counts and Financial Risks
    (International Journal of Statistics and Applied Mathematics, 2025-01-10) Motanya, Nyanumba Walter; Brian, Oduor D.; Nyakinda, Joseph O.
    In the insurance industry, ruin or insolvency occurs when an insurer’s total liabilities exceed its assets, rendering it unable to meet future claims. Traditional ruin probability models, such as the Cramer-Lundberg model, assume a homogeneous Poisson claim process with a constant arrival rate, which may not accurately reflect real-world market dynamics. In practice, claim arrivals are often in-homogeneous due to seasonal variations, policyholder behaviors, and external economic factors. Additionally, financial risks including inflation, interest rates, and taxation further influence an insurer’s solvency. This study develops an extended risk model that incorporates in-homogeneous claim counts and financial risks, offering a more realistic framework for estimating ruin probabilities in non-life insurance. The proposed model is derived using integral-differential equations and Cramer-Lundberg approximations, providing a refined approach to risk assessment. The findings offer valuable insights for insurers and regulators in designing risk management strategies to mitigate insolvency risks and ensure financial stability.
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    Financial Determinants of Effective Hypertension and Diabetes Care in Rural Primary Health Facilities in Kisumu, Kenya: A Mixed-Methods Study
    (Research Square, 2025-11-28) Amollo, Nichodemus Werre; Ogol, Japheth; Museve, Elijah; Owenga, Jane Adhiambo; Aduda, Dickens Omondi; Onguru, Daniel
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    Ecosystem Banking and Financial Performance of Listed Commercial Banks in Kenya: Empirical Evidence from Sustainable Financial Innovations
    (International Journal of Finance and Accounting, 2025-11-10) Sino, Duncan Owino; Baraza, Edwins; Monari, Fronica
    Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of ecosystem banking on the financial performance of commercial banks listed on the Nairobi Securities Exchange (NSE). It aims to determine how ecosystem integration through partnerships with FinTech firms and digital platforms affects banks’ profitability and sustainability. Methodology: Adopting a positivist research philosophy and explanatory design, the study utilized secondary data from annual financial reports and sustainability disclosures of 11 listed commercial banks covering the period 2021–2023. Descriptive statistics, correlation, and multiple regression analyses were employed to assess the relationship between ecosystem banking and financial performance, measured by Return on Equity (ROE). Findings: The regression results revealed a negative but statistically significant relationship (β = -0.895, p = 0.016), indicating that ecosystem banking initially constrains profitability due to high technological and integration costs. Nonetheless, long-term benefits such as improved efficiency, innovation, and customer reach outweigh these short-term effects. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study recommends that commercial banks adopt phased digital transformation strategies and strengthen governance frameworks to enhance oversight of ecosystem partnerships. Regulators should formulate comprehensive digital finance policies that foster innovation while safeguarding consumer protection and systemic stability.