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Access status: Open Access ,
Morphological Description of Dirhinus spp., a Parasitoid of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Pupae Detected in Bondo
(Journal of Agriculture Science & Technology, 2025-07-28) Nyakeri, Evans; Godon, Douan B.
The farming of the black soldier fly (BSF) as a feed insect is on an increasing trend in Kenya. However, the enterprise is now under threat from parasitoids of the pupae stage. The objectives of this communication are to create awareness on a recently described wasp parasitoid discovered within the Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University Black Soldier fly farm in Bondo; and highlight possible mitigation management strategies. The parasitoid was isolated from pupa stage and characterized using a binocular microscope to observe and measure various body parts such as body length without antennae, antenna length, forewing length, head capsule width, thorax width, and abdomen width. Results indicated that the body length without antennae was 5.15 mm, body length with antennae was 7.97 mm, antenna length was 1.5 mm, forewing length 2.81 mm while the widths of the head capsule, thorax, and abdomen were 1mm each. The parasitoid was subsequently identified by use of dichotomous keys to belong to order Hymenoptera, family Chalcididae, and Genus Dirhinus. The study recommends further characterization of the parasitoid to species level by molecular techniques and use of suggested sustainable management methods to contain the parasitoid menace within BSF farms.
Access status: Open Access ,
Characterization of Numerical Radius Preserving Isomorphisms in Norm-Attainable Classes
(International Journal of Innovation in Engineering, 2025-03-28) Ochieng,Stephen; Okelo,Benard; Kangogo, Willy
In functional analysis, understanding when an isomorphism preserves numerical radius in norm-attainable classes remains interesting. This paper examines conditions under which isomorphisms preserve the numerical radius in norm-attainable classes. We develop and prove conditions that provide insights into the behavior of isomorphisms concerning numerical radius preservation. The results show that if an isomorphism Φ preserves the numerical radius for all self-adjoint operators, then Φ is either a unitary operator or the negative of a unitary operator. Moreover, if Φ is an isomorphism in NA(H), then Φ is an orthogonal isomorphism.
Access status: Open Access ,
Effect of Research and Development Earning Management on Financial Performance of Non- Financial Firms in Kenya
(International Journal of Social Sciences and Information Technology, 2025-08) Ngati, Francis Makau; Mogwambo, Vitalis Abuga; Baraza, Edwins
The role of research and development (R&D) earnings management in shaping firm performance has attracted significant scholarly and policy interest, particularly in emerging markets where innovation and transparency are central to competitiveness. This study investigates the effect of R&D earnings management on the financial performance of non-financial firms listed on the Nairobi Securities Exchange (NSE) between 2004 and 2020. Guided by a positivist philosophy, the study employed an explanatory longitudinal design using panel data from 44 purposively selected firms. Secondary data were extracted from audited financial statements, NSE handbooks, and Capital Markets Authority publications. Financial performance was measured through return on assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE), earnings per share (EPS), and Tobin’s Q, while R&D earnings management was assessed using a modified Dechow and Dichev accrual model. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics and panel regression, with diagnostic tests conducted to ensure model robustness. The findings reveal that R&D earnings management has a positive and statistically significant influence on financial performance. The regression results show that a unit increase in R&D earnings management improves financial performance by approximately 0.107 units (p < 0.01). The model explains about 59.1% of the variation in financial performance (R² = 0.5913), indicating a substantial explanatory power. Descriptive statistics further suggest moderate-to-high variability in R&D earnings management practices, reflecting the heterogeneous strategies adopted by firms. The analysis of ROA, ROE, and EPS trends underscores that while some firms benefit from conservative earnings management, others adopt aggressive strategies, potentially to enhance their market perception. The study concludes that R&D earnings management significantly contributes to the financial performance of Kenyan non-financial firms. These findings highlight the dual role of earnings management as both a driver of short-term performance and a potential source of long-term ethical and sustainability concerns. The study provides valuable insights for policymakers, investors, and corporate managers on balancing innovation-driven investments with transparent financial reporting.
Access status: Open Access ,
High Acceptability of Newborn Screening for Sickle Cell Disease Among Post-Natal Mothers in Western Kenya
(PLOS One, 2024-07-24) Orimbo, John; Awandu, Shehu Shagari; Muhonja, Faith; Owili, Patrick; Omondi, Dickens
Sickle cell disease is a genetically inherited blood disorder that manifests early in life with resultant significant health complications. Globally, nearly three quarters of all affected babies are in sub-Saharan Africa. Early identification of babies with sickle cell disease through newborn screening followed by early linkage to care is recommended. However, the program has not been widely adopted in the sub-Saharan Africa. The Kenyan ministry of health, in 2020, published a policy on newborn screening for sickle cell disease from levels 2–6 healthcare facilities. However, evidence on acceptability of newborn screening to scale up newborn screening program is scarce. Few studies have been conducted across the sub-Saharan Africa to assess the acceptability of newborn screening for sickle cell disease with conflicting results. This study assessed factors associated with acceptability of newborn screening among mothers of newborns delivered at Homa bay county teaching and referral hospital, western Kenya. This study employed a cross-sectional design among postnatal mothers at Homa bay county teaching and referral hospital with 399 postnatal mothers enrolled into the study. After obtaining informed consent from the postnatal mothers, a semi-structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Maternal sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge, and perception were assessed. Babies were also screened for sickle cell disease using Sickle SCAN point-of-care test. The acceptability was calculated as percentage of mothers accepting to have their babies screened. Data were analyzed using logistic regression to explore factors associated with acceptability of newborn screening for sickle cell disease. Ninety-four percent of mothers accepted newborn screening for sickle cell disease. Only maternal age and occupation were significantly associated with acceptability of newborn screening for sickle cell disease. Mothers aged 25−34 years were 3 times less likely to accept newborn screening for sickle cell disease than those younger mothers than 25 years (OR=0.33;95%CI=0.13–0.86; p=0.024). Similarly, mothers in the formal employment were 6 times less likely to accept newborn screening for sickle cell disease than those who were students (OR= 0.16; 95%CI=0.03–0.84; p=0.031).Mothers who were in formal employment were 25 times less likely to accept newborn screening for sickle cell disease than those who were students in the multivariate logistic analysis model (aOR= 0.04; 95% CI=0.00–0.78; p=0.034). The acceptability of newborn screening for sickle cell disease is high in the county. The Homabay county ministry of health should implement routine newborn screening for sickle cell disease in all healthcare facilities conducting deliveries of newborns.
Access status: Open Access ,
Advancing African Knowledge Management and Education
(Information Age Publishing, 2019) Kazeroony, H. Hamid; Koech, Caroline Sitienei

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