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Item type: Item , Access status: Open Access , Testing Uploads in New Repository(2025) TestI can make this text bold, italicise and even create Lists in the abstract- signing and submitting this license, you (the author(s) or copyright owner) grants to DSpace University (DSU)
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Item type: Item , Access status: Open Access , Briquetting as a Means of Recovering Energy from Organic Market Waste(Taylor & Francis Group, 2021-05) Ngusale, George K.; Oloko, Michael; Awuor, Frankline OtiendeMunicipal Solid Waste is causing pollution and health hazards in cities around the world. In Kenya, existing and emerging cities are experiencing increased populations with increase in organic market waste. Organic market wastes can be used to produce briquettes. This study aimed to formulate available organic market waste into briquettes of optimal energy or calorific value. The study used locally fabricated technologies such as manual screw press, ram-piston and using bare human hands. Taguchi method was used based on controllable factors: Ratio of raw material; percentage (%) of binder; Size of raw material and method of production. Out of nine (9) experiments, laboratory results showed that the sixth (6th) and ninth (9th) formulations yielded briquettes with high calorific value of 20,540 kJ/kg and 18,962 kJ/kg, respectively. A further confirmatory experimental test was carried out based on Qualitek-4 software optimal simulated conditions. The test revealed that a mixture of carbonized market waste of particle size 2–5 mm; ratio of one part charcoal dust, two parts sawdust, and one part maize stover; with 30% of binder made using manual ram piston yielded briquettes of high calorific value of 21,633 kJ/kg against Qualitek-4 simulated value of 21,771 kJ/kg. In addition, Greenhouse gases evolved: CO and PM2.5 concentrations are within World Health Organization (WHO) and Kenya Subsidiary Legislation on critical limits allowable for human exposure. These indicate that organic market waste can be used to produce briquettes with acceptable quality using locally available technologies.Item type: Item , Access status: Open Access , An Assessment of the Drivers of Wetlands Transformation in Kisii Town, Kenya(International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, 2025) Osoro, Fredrick Bosire; Okotto, Lorna Grace; Awuor, Frankline OtiendeWetlands are areas of importance according to Ramsar Convention. However, they are increasingly under threat as a result of unwise utilization which leads to undesired transformation. The study sought to assess how wetlands have been transformed, find out the main drivers of transformation, to establish the current status of natural wetlands and to explore stakeholder’s recommendations on mitigation and rehabilitation measures of the affected wetlands in Kisii town. The target population was 440 households whose land parcels were adjacent to the wetlands of study, 7 Key informants and farmers divided into two groups for discussions. The methodology entailed use of stratified random sampling and data was collected by use of questionnaires, document reviews, interviews, group discussions and observation. Data from questionnaire were cleaned, coded and then fed into the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 and Microsoft Excel version 2010. The analysis was then accomplished through the computation of frequencies and percentages that are presented in form of tables and figures to facilitate further interpretation, the rest of the data were analyzed through content analysis. Results indicate that 60% of the respondents were of the view that wetlands in the study area have been degraded and there have been little or no efforts of rehabilitation and restoration. The study further found out that considerable loss of biodiversity had been occasioned by negative wetland transformation. It was found out that the main drivers of wetlands transformation in Kisii town are massive development activities (15.8%), invasive species (12.5%) and overgrazing by livestock (12.5%). The study recommends that 1) Government agencies should focus on mitigation programmes to deter further degradation through multi-sectoral approach, 2) establishment of a one stop development approval center by the County government to deter development on riparian and wetland areas, and 3) gazettement of wetland areas for conservation activities. These can be achieved through formulation of wetland policy for Kisii as a County to take care of the existing policy gapsItem type: Item , Access status: Open Access , Anonymous Authentication Scheme Based on Physically Unclonable Function and Biometrics for Smart Cities(John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2024-11) Nyangaresi, Vincent Omollo; AlRababah, Ahmad A.; Yenurkar, Ganesh Keshaorao; Chinthaginjala, Ravikumar; Yasir, MuhammadSmart cities amalgamate technologies such as Internet of Things, big data analytics, and cloud computing to collect and analyze large volumes of data from varied sources which facilitate intelligent surveillance, enhanced energy management systems, and environmental monitoring. The ultimate goal of these smart cities is to offer city residents with better services, opportunities, and quality of life. However, the vulnerabilities in the underlying smart city technologies, interconnection of heterogeneous devices, and transfer of data over the open public channels expose these networks to a myriad of security and privacy threats. Therefore, many security solutions have been presented in the literature. However, the majority of these techniques still have numerous performance, privacy, and security challenges that need to be addressed. To this end, we present an anonymous authentication scheme for the smart cities based on physically unclonable function and user biometrics. Its formal security analysis using the Real-Or-Random (ROR) model demonstrates the robustness of the negotiated session key against active and passive attacks. In addition, the informal security analysis shows that it supports salient functional and security features such as mutual authentication, key agreement, perfect key secrecy, anonymity, and un traceability. It is also shown to withstand typical smart city threats such as side-channeling, offline guessing, session key disclosure, eavesdropping, session hijacking, privileged insider, and impersonation attacks. Moreover, comparative performance shows that it incurs the lowest energy and computation costs at relatively low communication overheadsItem type: Item , Access status: Open Access , Optimization Resource Allocation Model for Paediatric Healthcare Systems During Patient Referral(International Journal of Research Publications (IJRP.ORG), 2023-01) Onyango, Maurine; Agola, Joshua; Liyala, SamuelPatient referral is one of the strategies recommended for enhancing access to healthcare as stipulated by the Sustainable Development Goals Target 3 of the United Nations. However, the success of patient referral is directly dependent upon knowledge of the availability of requisite resources in the referral facility. Whereas several models based on heuristic search algorithms have been developed for healthcare system resource allocation, none seem to have been targeted at paediatric patients. This paper presents an intelligent distributed system resource allocation model based on Honey Bee Foraging theory for improving healthcare system provision to paediatric patients. The model was proved to be effective in enhancing healthcare service delivery due to informed decision making before a referral process was completed. More models should be designed which are capable of integrating patients and specialist data across county boundaries to facilitate wider referral options.